Mechanistic Simulation Studies on Viscous-Elastic Polymer Flooding in Petroleum Reservoirs

Based on the theory and application developments of polymer flooding on enhancing oil recovery, an improved mathematical model has been developed to simulate the mechanism of viscous-elastic polymer flooding. IMPES method has been presented to solve the polymer flooding model considering the viscosifying effect of elasticity, the effect of decreasing residual oil and the degradation of polymer molecules. The validation of the model is approved by an experiment. A simulation example was carried out using the developed numerical simulator. The enhanced oil recovery mechanism was discussed for viscous-elastic polymer flooding, and corresponding influencing factors were also studied.     

Improvement in Uranium Adsorption Properties of Amidoxime-Based Adsorbent Through Cografting of Amine Group

Amidoxime (AO)/amine co-functionalized polypropylene fiber adsorbents were prepared. The all-polymeric structures were characterized by using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), optical microscope, contact angle meter and electron spin resonance (ESR) analysis methods, confirming the grafting, modification, and amidoximation stages gravimetrically, spectroscopically, and visually. The properties for the removal of uranyl(VI) from aqueous solutions were investigated. For amidoxime (AO) fiber, high adsorption rate was observed within the first 30 minutes and the plateau value of 40.6% uranium loading (0.0812 mg/g) was reached at around 30 minutes. The adsorption equilibrium for AO/amine fiber was attained within 20 minutes, resulting in the adsorption of 92.6% uranium loading (0.185 mg/g). The percentage of adsorption increases with increasing pH value (2–6), reaches a maximum at pH 6.0 and then remains almost constant for AO/amine fiber, whereas reduces slightly for AO fiber.     

The effect of ionic strength on the diffusion of 125I in Gaomiaozi bentonite

The diffusion of ¹²⁵I^? in compacted Gaomiaozi (GMZ) bentonite was investigated by capillary in-diffusion method. Apparent and effective diffusion coefficients and accessible porosity of iodide in GMZ bentonite were obtained, and the effect of ionic strength on diffusion parameters was studied. The apparent diffusion coefficients of iodide in compacted GMZ bentonite are in the range of 1.0–6.0 × 10^?10 m² s^?1 under the conditions of dry bulk density 1,500 kg m^?3 and temperature 298 K, and increase with increasing ionic strength. This effect was explained through the analysis of microscopic structure of compacted bentonite. The iodide can only diffuse in unbound interparticle pore solution of compacted bentonite. The apparent diffusion coefficient is a function of accessible porosity which is decided by the thickness of diffusion double layer, and the thickness is in turn controlled by ionic strength.     

Structure and Activity of RNase A in Sodium Dodecyl Sulphate Solutions

The structure and activity of RNase A in sodium dodecyl sulphate solutions were investigated at 25.0±0.1 and pH 7.00. The results show that with increasing sodium dodecyl sulphate concentration, the structure of RNase A is collapsed gradually, however, the activity of RNase A is first increased and then decreased. This is mainly due to the different effect of SDS at different SDS concentration.     

Effect of Demulsifiers on Dilatational Properties of Crude Oil–Water Interfaces

The dilatational properties of polyether demulsifiers PEA, PEB, PEC, PED, PEF, and PEG at the decane-water interface were investigated. Meanwhile, the effect of demulsifiers with different structures on interfacial dilatational modulus of diluted crude oil also was explored. The properties of demulsifiers are compared and analyzed in combine with the dilatational parameters at decane-water interface and at 5% crude oil-water interface. The results show that interfacial dilatational viscoelasticity could characterize the interfacial behavior of demulsifiers. The demulsifiers, which have different kinds or structures, have different effects on destroying the interfacial film of crude oil with increasing bulk concentration. Therefore, the dosage of demulsifier is a very important role in controlling nature of crude oil film.     

Interphase Transport in an Emulsion: Tartaric Acid

The individual compounds in an emulsion of tartaric acid stabilized by a commercial surfactant, Laureth 4, were brought into contact in order to estimate the deviation from equilibrium conditions during emulsion evaporation. The transfer of compounds between the phases was followed by visual observation of new phases appearing and the movement of the interfaces with time. The results revealed that, conversely to the equilibrium processes in the corresponding salicylate emulsions, in the present system the dissolution of the acid was faster than the formation of birefringent structures and the variation of different colloidal structures could be followed in the experiment. A suitable choice of initial ratio between the three compounds enabled the transfer of compounds to result in an early depletion of the solid acid and subsequently information could be obtained about the relation between the transport of surfactant and water-acid solution into the birefringent layer. A significant dependence was found between the composition of the entrants into the layer and the amount of surfactant liquid remaining.     

Polyvinyl alcohol fibers with functional phosphonic acid group: synthesis and adsorption of uranyl (VI) ions in aqueous solutions

PVA functionalized with vinylphosphonic acid was prepared as a new adsorbent for uranyl (VI) adsorption from aqueous solutions. The vinylphosphonic acid was cografted onto PVA fibers by preirradiation grafting technique. The adsorbent were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy. The adsorbent was observed to possess a fibrous structure and was bonded with phosphonic acid groups successfully. The adsorbent was used for the adsorption of low levels uranyl (VI) ions from aqueous solutions. The influence of analytical parameters including pH, adsorption time, amount of adsorbent, metal ion concentration, and temperature were investigated on the recovery of uranyl (VI) ion in aqueous solution. The maximum adsorption capacity (32.1 mg g^?1) and fast equilibrium time (30 min) were achieved at pH of 4.5 at room temperature. Thermodynamic parameters (ΔH° = 2.695 kJ mol^?1; ΔS° = 31.15 J mol^?1 K^?1; ΔG° = ?6.748 kJ mol^?1) show the adsorption of an exothermic process and spontaneous nature, respectively. The possible coordination mechanism was illustrated. Adsorption and desorption coexist in aqueous solutions and then the system becomes equilibrium.     

多靶标生物标志物检测的微流体磁敏生物传感器研制

将磁敏传感器与微流体测试卡集成,研制了可快速检测多靶标生物标志物的微流体免疫磁敏传感器。以3种消化系统肿瘤标志物(甲胎蛋白、癌胚抗原、糖链抗原)为模型靶标,对免疫反应各步反应的液体流速、免疫反应时间以及反应后的冲洗速度进行了优化,评价了多靶标同时检测的系统性能。在微流体磁敏生物传感器系统中,建立了血清样本中3种靶标同时检测的标准工作曲线,AFP、CEA和CA19-9的检出限分别达到0.1μg/L、0.1μg/L和30 U/mL,线性范围跨越4个数量级。微流体磁敏生物传感器可在30 min内完成多靶标生物标志物检测,临床血清样本的测试结果与ELISA法一致,具有检测时间短、灵敏度高的优点。     

一种新型罗丹明B硫酰肼衍生物荧光探针的合成及对汞(Ⅱ)的检测应用

设计合成了一种可逆的Hg2+荧光增强型分子探针3’,6’-双(二乙氨基)-2-((4-氟基苯亚甲基)氨基)螺[异吲哚-1,9’-氧杂蒽]-3-硫酮,利用红外光谱、元素分析、核磁等方法对探针结构进行了表征。探针溶液本身荧光很弱,与Hg2+结合后荧光显著增强,由此建立了Hg2+测定的新方法。检测的适宜条件为:反应体系pH 4.5,反应时间25 min。本方法具有易于操作、灵敏度高、选择性好、线性范围宽和线性关系良好等优点,Hg2+浓度在0.001～0.20 mg/L范围内线性相关系数为0.9997,检出限为3.88×10"4mg/L。本方法对河水及土壤样品进行Hg2+加标回收实验,标准回收率分别为102.22%和94.24%。本方法对水质-汞环境标准样品(编号:GSBZ 50016-90,批号:202030)的测定结果为6.16μg/L,与标准值基本吻合。     

量子点与抗乙肝表面抗原(HBsAg)抗体的偶联研究

表面带羧基的量子点(QD)在活化剂作用下与羊抗HBsAg共价偶联。本研究考察了4种不同封闭剂[乙醇胺(EA)、三羟甲基氨基甲烷(Tris)、氨基聚乙二醇单甲醚(PEG2000-NH2)和牛血清蛋白(BSA)]对制备得到的量子点-抗体复合物(QD-Ab)的影响。使用琼脂糖凝胶电泳和SDS-PAGE分析复合物的电泳和粒径特征,斑点免疫杂交反应比较不同封闭剂制备的复合物的免疫特性。结果表明:量子点可以与HBsAg抗体共价偶联形成QD-Ab复合物,斑点免疫反应表明其中PEG2000-NH2封闭的复合物免疫特性较优,可以检测到1.57 ng的HBsAg斑点。